# PT-141 References: The Bremelanotide Source List

> PT-141 references — the full citation list behind this digest: PubMed studies, the FDA bremelanotide label, and the approval reviews, with DOIs and PMIDs.

The peer-reviewed studies, the FDA label, and the approval reviews that every claim on this site is read from.

## How to read this list

Each bracketed number across the site maps to one entry below. Sources are peer-reviewed journal articles indexed on PubMed, the US prescribing information for bremelanotide (the FDA structured product label, hosted on DailyMed), and published approval reviews. Where available, each entry carries a DOI (digital object identifier) and a PubMed (PMID) link so the original can be retrieved directly. This is an editorial digest of these sources; it dispenses nothing and recommends no dose.

## References

[1] Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12851303/
[2] Pfaus J, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10201-10204. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15226502/
[3] Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/
[4] Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):909-917. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599847/
[5] Thurston L, Hunjan T, Mills EG, Wall MB, Ertl N, Phylactou M, et al. Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(19):e152341. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36189794/
[6] Borland JM, Kohut-Jackson AL, Peyla AC, Hall MA, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2025;267:110299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39793696/
[7] U.S. Food and Drug Administration / DailyMed. Bremelanotide Injection — US Prescribing Information. DailyMed (US FDA structured product label). 2019. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=8c9607a2-5b57-4a59-b159-cf196deebdd9
[8] Hedlund P. PT-141 Palatin. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134289/
[9] Al Shaer D, Al Musaimi O, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. 2019 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2020;13(3):40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13030040
[10] Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Bremelanotide: First Approval. Drugs. 2019;79:1599-1606. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31312037/
[11] Shadiack AM, Sharma SD, Earle DC, Spana C, Hallam TJ. Melanocortins in the Treatment of Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(11):1137-1144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17584134/
[12] Mayer D, Lynch SE. Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54(7):684-690. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31893927/
[13] Goldstein I, et al. (122) Positive Effects of Bremelanotide on Female Sexual Arousal and Orgasm in Premenopausal Women [conference abstract]. J Sex Med. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf068.108
[14] Vereecken S, et al. (396) Comparative Analysis of Flibanserin, Bremelanotide, and Testosterone Therapy for Female Sexual Dysfunction [conference abstract]. J Sex Med. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf320.390

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A blue-phosphor terminal reading of the PT-141 (bremelanotide) record — the one approved use logged first, the label dose and trial figures read back verbatim, the off-label and research-chemical lines flagged amber, and the unverified field reports fenced off as such; no clinic behind the prompt and nothing here dosed, sourced, prescribed, or sold.